Journal: Biology of Sex Differences

Article Title: Gestational saccharin consumption disrupts gut-brain axis glucose homeostasis control in adolescent offspring rats in a sex-dependent manner

doi: 10.1186/s13293-025-00724-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gene expression on adolescent offspring hypothalamic glucose-related circuits. Gene expression of Glpr1 ( a ) , Lepr ( b ) , Insr ( c ) , Irs1 ( d ) , Irs2 ( e ) , Insig1 ( f ) , Insig2 ( g ) was evaluated by qPCR in the hypothalamus of male and female adolescent offspring. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and analyzed by two-way ANOVA; n = 9 for each experimental group. Significant post-hoc analysis is shown: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus male within the same perinatal conditions; #p < 0.05 versus control within the same sex

Article Snippet: Irs2 , Rn01482270_s1 , 61.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Control

Journal: International Journal of Cancer

Article Title: A heterodimer of hemoglobin identifies theranostic targets on brain‐metastasizing melanoma cells

doi: 10.1002/ijc.35458

Figure Lengend Snippet: BRD4 and IRS2 inhibitors target both melanoma and melanoma‐promoting non‐cancerous microenvironmental cells. (A) Cytotoxicity of NT157 (IRS2 inhibitor) and JQ1 (BRD4 inhibitor) on four BMMC was evaluated using XTT assay after treating cells for 24 h. Starvation medium (0.5% FCS) with 0.001% DMSO served as a control. Results are shown as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Significance was evaluated using one‐way ANOVA. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.001. (B) The growth curve of the four BMMCs was obtained by treating them once with BRIRi and quantifying viable cells manually using trypan blue every 24 h up to 96 h. Results are shown as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Significance was evaluated using the Student's t test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.001. (C) Cytotoxicity of BRIRi on non‐cancerous cell lines such as fibroblasts, astrocytes, brain endothelial cell line, microglia, microglia‐JunB hi , and microglia‐JunB lo was evaluated after treatment with BRIRi for 24 h. Results are shown as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Significance was evaluated using the Student's t test. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.005.

Article Snippet: Varying concentrations of NT157 (IRS2 inhibitor) (Selleckchem, Houston, Texas, USA), (+)‐JQ1 (BRD4 inhibitor) (Sigma‐Aldrich), and Imperatorin (GAB2 inhibitor, Sigma Aldrich) were used to determine their cytotoxicity.

Techniques: XTT Assay, Control

Journal: International Journal of Cancer

Article Title: A heterodimer of hemoglobin identifies theranostic targets on brain‐metastasizing melanoma cells

doi: 10.1002/ijc.35458

Figure Lengend Snippet: BRD4 and IRS2 inhibitors alter the transcriptomic landscape of BMMC. (A) Principal component analysis (PCA) of bulk RNA‐seq data (DMSO‐treated cells, BRD4 inhibitor‐treated cells, IRS2 inhibitor‐treated cells, and BRIRi‐treated cells) of four BMMC lines shows a distinct difference between DMSO‐treated cells and BRIRi‐treated cells. (B) Venn diagrams depict the total number of genes that are differentially expressed post different inhibitor treatments in four BMMCs. (C) Clustered analysis of DMSO‐treated cells, BRD4i‐treated cells, IRS2 inhibitor‐treated cells, and BRIRi‐treated cells from the RNA‐seq data. (D) Tables of the top 10 enriched functions of differentially expressed genes derived from the RNA‐seq data using DAVID. (A–D) inhibitor 1 refers to NT157 (IRS2 inhibitor), inhibitor 2 refers to JQ1 (BRD4i).

Article Snippet: Varying concentrations of NT157 (IRS2 inhibitor) (Selleckchem, Houston, Texas, USA), (+)‐JQ1 (BRD4 inhibitor) (Sigma‐Aldrich), and Imperatorin (GAB2 inhibitor, Sigma Aldrich) were used to determine their cytotoxicity.

Techniques: RNA Sequencing, Derivative Assay